• • Przykłady:

sudo apt-cache search Muzyka MP3
sudo apt-cache search "Edytor tekstu"

• Aktualizowanie bazy danych Apt (wykonywane po dodaniu/usunięciu repozytoriów Apt)

sudo apt-get update

• Aktualizowanie paczek do najnowszych wersji

sudo apt-get upgrade

• Aktualizowanie całej dystrybucji

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

• Instalacja ściągniętych paczek Ubuntu/Kubuntu bazowanych na Debianie (.deb)

sudo dpkg -i paczka.deb

• Usuwanie ściągniętych paczek Kubuntu/Ubuntu bazowanych na Debianie

sudo dpkg -r paczka

• Konfigurowanie/Naprawa zainstalowanych paczek

sudo dpkg-reconfigure paczka

• • Przykłady:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure mpd

• Obsługa archiwów ".tar.gz" (Tar/GZip)

• • Aby wypakować:

tar xvzf paczka.tar.gz

Objaśnienie komendy: tar jest aplikacją którą wypakowujesz pliki z archiwum. Nie można przy jej pomocy ich dekompresować. -x oznacza rozpakowywanie. -v means verbose (list what it is extracting). -z means filter through gzip. gzip is what compresses the archive (tar cannot compress them remember?). -f specifies the file to use. (You could extract this package by first using the command gzip, then you would be left with a .tar file. You would then not have to specify the -z switch as it would no longer be compressed.)

• • To create:

tar cvfz package.tar.gz folder

• Handling ".tar.bz" (Tar/BZip) Archives

• • To extract:

tar xvjf package.tar.bz

• • To create:

tar cvjf package.tar.bz folder

• Extracting ".bz" Archives

bunzip2 file.bz

• Extracting ".gz" Archives

gunzip file.gz

• Building from Source

Make sure you have all the necessary development tools (i.e. libraries, compilers, headers)

sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-`uname -r`

"uname -r" lists the current kernel you are using.

Extract your package (as detailed above)

tar xvzf package.tar.gz

Commence the build process

cd /path/to/extracted/package
./configure
make
make install

Note - typing ./ before a filename tells unix to try and execute the file as an application.

If build is successful, consider making an Ubuntu (Debian) package (.deb) for future use:

Install package tools:

sudo apt-get install checkinstall

Rebuild package using "checkinstall":

cd /path/to/extracted/package
./configure
make
checkinstall

Keep the resulting ".deb" file for future use. It can be installed using:

sudo dpkg -i package.deb

Note: These are basic instructions that may not always work. Some packages require additional dependencies and optional parameters to be specified in order to build them successfully.

Aptitude

aptitude is a terminal-based package manager that can be used as a drop-in replacement for apt-get. One of the main features of aptitude is that it marks packages that are automatically installed and removes them when no packages depend on them. This makes it easy to remove applications completely. To use Aptitude, replace apt-get with aptitude in the command line. Examples:

sudo aptitude install <packagename>
sudo aptitude remove <packagename>
sudo aptitude update
sudo aptitude upgrade

For an ncurses-based user interface, type

sudo aptitude

For more information, see the aptitude documentation.

Manual Updates

• Read #General Notes
• Read #Add Extra Kubuntu Repositories

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

OR

Use Adept Update Manager: K > System -> Adept Manager -> Fetch Updates > Full Upgrade

Automated Updates

• Open K menu.
• In the System menu, open Adept Manager.
• In the Adept menu, select Manage Repositories.
• Open the Updates tab at the top of the screen.
• Make sure Check for Updates has an X in the box.
• Use the selection box to the right of that to determine how often you'd like to check for updates.
• Click the close button.
• Close Adept Manager.

Add/Remove Programs

Using the Add/Remove Programs feature is very easy and it will not damage your Kubuntu installation.

• Click K > Add/Remove Programs
• Search for the sort of program you want to add. Example: type MP3 to see a list of mp3 software.
• Check the box next to the software.
• Click the "Apply Changes" button.
• The selected program(s) will be automatically installed.

Automatix2

The use of Automatix2 is NOT RECOMMENDED as it can break your system should you wish to upgrade your system in the future. If you would like to install it anyway, follow the guidelines on the official website: Automatix2 Installation

Kubuntu Addon Applications

Commercial Applications

Commercial Applications require a license which can be obtained from the relevant vendor either at a cost or free of charge (such as VMWare server).

Virtualization

VirtualBox

• Read #General Notes
• Read #Add Extra Kubuntu Repositories

Install:

sudo aptitude update 
sudo aptitude install virtualbox

Accept the license: navigate to OK by using the Tab key and press Enter. Use right arrow key to highlight Yes and press Enter.

Add user to it:

sudo usermod -G vboxusers -a user

replace "user" with your username.

Restart KDE using CTRL+ALT+BACKSPACE and re-login. Navigate to VirtualBox by K > System > innotek VirtualBox Virtual Machine

For more help on creating and managing visit ubuntugeek

Transgaming Cedega

Cedega is a semi-commercial application, similar to Wine, wherein you may install some Windows applications. Cedega, however, is designed specifically for games, containing 3D support, software acceleration support, and a high level of DirectX support. It is available at http://www.cedega.com or through the main site for TransGaming at http://www.transgaming.com. After purchasing a license (Cedega has some proprietary components, though it is largely based off of Wine), you are entitled to download it from the website, as often as desired, if you have a subscription ($5.00 USD per month). This subscription also entitles you to the updates that are offered by TransGaming.

To install Cedega, after downloading it, simply open the .deb package. The installation will be straightforward from there. After installing it, open the program and follow through the configuration options. From there, once the program is open, you simply click "install", and select the setup/installation file (typically, autorun.exe or setup.exe). Further information (including FAQs, installation instructions, and a troubleshooting guide) is available at Cedega's support page.

Be aware, that, although Cedega is largely based off of GPL'ed components, which are free (open source), as a whole the product is -not- free software, and that downloading it without purchasing a subscription is piracy.

Edutainment Applications

Edutainment Applications make learning easier and faster.

Genealogy Trees (Gramps)

sudo apt-get install gramps

run by typing in:

gramps

Google Earth (World Map Utility and Flight Simulator)

• Read #Add Extra Kubuntu Repositories

sudo apt-get install googleearth

KDE Edutainment Suite

This is a collection of edutainment software from the official KDE release. Package: kdeedu

sudo apt-get install kdeedu

KDE Toys (Collection of toys and passtimes)

sudo apt-get install kdetoys

Mnemosyne (free flash-card tool)

Mnemosyne is a sophisticated free flash-card tool which optimizes your learning process. To install the latest version in the repositories run the following command

sudo apt-get install mnemosyne

Bibletime (Holy Bible)

Bibletime is a Bible study tool for KDE. It ships with the King James Bible with Strong's Numbers. Although, it has many extra bible versions, books, dictionaries and commentaries, in many languages, available for download from it's built in library.

sudo apt-get install bibletime

Zekr (Quran)

Zekr is an Islamic Quran Software. It has translations in many languages from authentic authors.

sudo apt-get install zekr

Non-free Applications

Non-free Applications help you make use of proprietary software in order to maximize your Internet experience. The software available include Multimedia Codecs, Java Runtime Environment, as well as plug-ins for Firefox and Konqueror.

Firefox Plug-ins

Adblock plug-in (to block ads in a web page)

sudo apt-get install mozilla-firefox-adblock

Adobe Acrobat Reader with Firefox Plug-in

• Read #General Notes
• Read #Add Extra Kubuntu Repositories

sudo apt-get install acroread mozilla-acroread acroread-plugins

Adobe Flash Player v.9 Firefox Plug-in

To install the official Adobe Flash plugin for Firefox, install the flashplugin-nonfree package:

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree

Adobe Flash Player v.9 Konqueror Plug-in

To install the official Adobe Flash plugin for Konqueror, go to any Flash-based website. KDE will offer to install the plugin automatically for you.

Java Runtime Environment (JRE) v6.0 with Firefox plug-in

sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jre sun-java6-plugin

Kaffeine Plug-in for Firefox (automatically installs kaffeine too)

sudo apt-get install kaffeine-mozilla

MPlayer plug-in for Firefox (automatically installs MPlayer too)

sudo apt-get install mozilla-mplayer

VLC plug-in for Firefox (automatically installs VLC too)

sudo apt-get install mozilla-plugin-vlc

Helix player plug-in (automatically installs helix-player)

sudo apt-get install mozilla-helix-player

AptURL (install Ubuntu programs through Firefox addressbar)

sudo apt-get install apturl

To use, type the following in Firefox addressbar:

apt:<application name>

Eg:

apt:mplayer

Image-zoom plug-in (to zoom images in a page)

Multimedia Codecs Installation

The Ubuntu Restricted Extras will install Adobe Flash Player, Java Runtime Environment with Firefox and Konqueror plug-ins, a set of Microsoft Fonts as well as media codecs. This is a single command approach.

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

You may also try the Kubuntu Restricted Extras (not sure what it adds).

sudo apt-get install kubuntu-restricted-extras

You will see a blue dialogue for confimation, use tab to highlight "OK", then press Enter. On the next screen use left-right arrows to select "Yes" and agree to License, then press Enter.

Eye Candy Applications

Eye Candy Applications refer to the decoration of the Interface. These can be added on icons, themes, wallpapers etc. As well as the 3D effects that are available with the use Compiz Fusion.

Compiz Fusion

Kicker-Applets (Extra Applets for the Panels)

sudo apt-get install kicker-applets

Use by right clicking a panel > Add Applet To Panel

Google Desktop

Download .deb file from Google Desktop Download Website

Browse to the file location:

cd <location>

e.g.

cd /home/username/Desktop

Install by running:

sudo dpkg -i google-desktop-linux_current_i386.deb

Kicker-Kickoff (Suse Style K Menu)

SuperKaramba Desktop Widgets / Gadgets

sudo apt-get install superkaramba

Webilder (Automatic Flickr/Webshots Wallpaper Changer)

Yakuake drop down Konsole

sudo apt-get install yakuake

Enable it by going to K > System > Yakuake

Use it by pressing F12

Hotwire Graphical Terminal

Download .deb package from here:

http://www.getdeb.net/app.php?name=Hotwire

Browse to the correct directory downloaded to:

cd <file location>

Install by:

sudo dpkg -i hotwire_0.599-1~getdeb1_all.deb

Run by going to K -> System -> Hotwire Shell - Command prompt

Games Applications

There are hundreds of games available under Linux. The following is a selected list of the best games.

Collections

KDE Games

A collection of games from the official KDE release is available from the Ubuntu repositories.
Package: kdegames

sudo apt-get install kdegames

GNOME Games

These are the games included with the GNOME desktop enviroment. They will also run on KDE.
Package: gnome-games

sudo apt-get install gnome-games

Action

Alien Arena

Multi-player first person shooter

sudo apt-get install alien-arena

Nexuiz 2.3

Nexuiz 2.3 is a multi-player first person shooter based on the Darkplaces engine, which is an advanced Quake1 engine.

sudo apt-get install nexuiz

There is a map pack available from http://sourceforge.net/project/downloading.php?groupname=nexuiz&filename=nexmappack_r2.zip&use_mirror=superb-west that features 35 new maps. To install extract the map pack to /home/username/.nexuiz/data

Open Arena

Multi-player first person shooter.

sudo apt-get install openarena

Tremulous - a halo like multiplayer only game.

sudo apt-get install tremulous 

UrbanTerror 4.0

• UrbanTerror 4.0 is a Multi-player First Person Shooter. The Game uses the open source quake 3 engine and features many real weapons and free to use servers for multi-player functionality.

More information can be found at UrbanTerror

• You can manually download and install UrbanTerror from the following webpage UrbanTerror_Download
• Or you can enjoy an automated install by downloading and executing the linux install script from either of the following links: urt40-linux-installer.sh_1 or urt40-linux-installer.sh_2

• After downloading the script open Terminal into your download directory then make the script executable with the following command:

sudo chmod +x urt40-linux-installer.sh

• Now double click on the script to execute and follow the directions
• The install will take awhile as the script executes a download of the necessary files which are about 541MB
• After the install you will have a nice UrbanTerror icon on your desktop (unless you installed as root)

This easy install script is courtesy of Nexu from the UrbanTerror Forums.

Arcade

Frozen-Bubble

Similar to Bust-a-Move, this gave has the player launching bubbles to match colors.
Package: frozen-bubble

sudo apt-get install frozen-bubble

Penguin Racer

Fast (well, if you have a 3D accelerator card) and addicting race game.
Package: planetpenguin-racer

sudo apt-get install planetpenguin-racer planetpenguin-racer-extras

Board Games

MahJongg

Classic Mahjongg game
Package: kmahjongg

sudo apt-get install kmahjongg

Chess

Play chess against computer
Package: pouetchess

sudo apt-get install pouetchess pouetchess-data

Emulators

Super Nintendo Emulator (ZSNES) 1.510 for i386/AMD64

• Read #General Notes

For support or questions see http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=588744

• Add a 3rd Party Repository

echo "deb http://packages.dfreer.org gutsy main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
wget http://packages.dfreer.org/7572013D.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update

• Install using one of the lines below

sudo apt-get install zsnes32 #for amd64 users
sudo apt-get install zsnes   #for everyone else

• K -> Games -> zsnes or zsnes32

Playstation Emulator (pSX) 1.13 for i386/AMD64

• Read #General Notes

For support or questions see http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=394097

• Add a 3rd Party Repository

echo "deb http://packages.dfreer.org gutsy main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
wget http://packages.dfreer.org/7572013D.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update

• Install using one of the lines below

sudo apt-get install psx32 #for amd64 users
sudo apt-get install psx   #for everyone else

• K -> Games -> pSX or pSX32

Puzzles

Strategy

Pingus

Pingus is a lemmings clone that uses penguins instead of lemmings. It also comes with a level builder.

sudo apt-get install pingus

Graphics Manipulation Applications

Graphics Manipulation Applications allow you to edit your favourite photos or create stunning 3D drawings.]

CinePaint (Graphics and Video Editor)

sudo apt-get install cinepaint

KdenLive(Video Editing Suite for KDE)

sudo apt-get install kdenlive

Dia (Diagram editor)

sudo apt-get install dia

GIMP Image Manipulator

sudo apt-get install gimp

There is an extra set of brushes, palettes, and gradients for The GIMP.

sudo apt-get install gimp-data-extras

Inkscape Vector Illustrator

sudo apt-get install inkscape

Istanbul (Desktop Session Recording)

sudo apt-get install istanbul

recordMyDesktop (Desktop Session Recording)

sudo apt-get install recordmydesktop

Kivio (Flow Chart Creation)

sudo apt-get install kivio

Picassa Photo Organiser

Download from